By Dinis Guarda in https://www.intelligenthq.com
Sharing Economy blockchain and IOT, infographic intelligenthq
In a world shaped by fast evolving emerging technology, debt, a fragmented society, a driven sharing economy, and especially by Blockchain and the IoT, what are the challenges and risks for our new human digital identity? What are the implications for the fragile global macro economy, layers of the new centralised tech monopolies, cyber security, and sustainable innovation necessary to keep all of this rolling? Are Blockchain and the IoT-driven technology the solution?
(This is a long article that takes at least 10 minutes to read)
1. A World Marked by Fast-Changing Centralised Technologies, a Fragile Fragmented Global Society, Debt, Sharing Economy, the IoT and Blockchain
When we look at the current global world, we realise that nowadays, what promises to change and become one core structure of the future economy and management systems is two decentralised mega-technologies: the IoT (Internet of (Every)Thing)), providing us with connected global services and solutions, and the Blockchain distributed ledger, powered by smart contracts tech. If by now everyone knows what the IoT is, it is not so much the case for Blockchain. Blockchain remains a difficult topic as people find it hard to understand the logic behind it. In this regard, it is worth mentioning Dan Tapscott, the visionary author, who was the first to speak about the internet revolution. In his new book Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, he envisions a new world economy and society powered by Blockchain.
This digital transformation is happening in worldwide fragmented social and economic societies. We have purely capitalistic economies, infused with emerging sharing economy trends mostly managed and powered by centralised and decentralised technological platforms and systems. In this advanced yet fragile economy, businesses which seem transformational in many ways have been making money in a very traditional -almost tribal – way, acting as middlemen in digital marketplaces, through the production of devices, e-commerce transactions, software or advertising. The difference is they gather data and information about the majority of mankind as never before.
These mostly tech- and software-driven businesses use B2C or B2B models, bringing together buyers and sellers and charging commissions. They control everything within the community in close software and deeply centralised business models. Paradoxically, this business model, which might seem innovative at first, has been around for millennia, as mankind has always managed their transactions through community marketplaces. However, these new communities, even if they are using P2P models, are centralised and often belong to only a few people who reap the benefits and profits generated by billions of other people.
The paradox is that this complex and fast-changing tech-powered economy is partly operating through the lens of the so-called sharing economy or circular economy, managed and powered on big tech community digital platforms.
Trusted Centralised human systems to trustless decentralised networks? infographic Dinis Guarda based in collage from other web models
These new platforms are partly controlled by big corporations that have become powerful disruptive global monopolies.
Although these innovative technologies offer fantastic new opportunities, they bring about massive challenges, risks and privacy issues never seen before in the history of mankind.
We live in a world now dominated by fragile alliances between politics and economics. In the current state of evolution of (wo)mankind, our world is influenced more than ever by paradoxical peaks of hope and fear, increasingly powered by digital social waves, besides bull and bear economic algorithm driving market macro-economic cycles. We are now witnessing the foundations of a global society and economy based in technology/ software-managed platforms.
With Blockchain and the IoT, we see a fast-forward emerging technology (r)evolution or wave that will soon come to replace the global technical, social, financial, legal and tech infrastructure of intermediaries. This will happen in the context of a global economy stricken by deep contradictions, where both the size of the world economy and that of the debt are out of proportion.
Since the Great Recession, global debt has increased by $57 trillion, outpacing world GDP growth
Some numbers to consider:
In 2014, according to the CIA’s World Factbook, the GWP totalled approximately US$107.5 trillion in terms of purchasing power parity (PPP), and around US$78.28 trillion in nominal terms. The per capita PPP GWP in 2014 was approximately US$16,100 according to the World Factbook. Gross world product – Wikipedia
The global debt reckoning – Total global debt at $230 trillion. Total world debt over 300 percent annual GDP.
Total global debt crossed a troubling event horizon by going past the $200 trillion mark last year. Given the latest figures we are likely well above a total global debt of $230 trillion based on a comprehensive study done by ING last year.
The banking sector rummages for every possible way of accessing debt. Global central banks from the Fed to the ECB to the Bank of Japan are now fully engaged in a digital printing end game. It isn’t so much the startling debt figures that are presented but the GDP that is actually backing up this insurmountable level of debt. The latest data shows that total world debt is running above 313 percent of annual GDP. ING study http://v.iew.im/Rceq76
And this is already a fact, not just a simple analyst forecasts. In terms of value, the IoT technology market size alone is expected to grow from USD 130.33 billion in 2015 to USD 883.55 billion by 2022, at a CAGR of 32.4% between 2016 and 2022, according to the report “Internet of Things Technology” published by MarketsandMarkets. When it comes to Blockchain, the revolution is probably even more impactful, as 17% of the world banks are planning to migrate to Blockchain infrastructure in 2017.
Bearing this in mind, we can see a lot needs to be rewired and thought over thoroughly.
Blockchain in IoT and Other Considerations by Dinis Guarda
2. Blockchain and the IoT are early-stage technologies, just like electricity was at the beginning
Blockchain and the IoT are fairly recent technologies. It is thus interesting to make a parallel with electricity when it was first invented. Electric energy is transferred by an electric circuit and the SI unit of power is the watt, one joule per second. The electric power, like mechanical power, is the rate of doing work, measured in watts, and represented by the letter P. The term wattage is used colloquially to mean “electric power in watts.”
Electrical phenomena and then electricity have been studied since antiquity, and as the technology progressed, electricity became increasingly used as one of the core technologies shaping and transforming the world in unforeseen ways. We are now going through a similar process with Blockchain and the IoT. But if with electricity, it took the world two to three centuries to fully understand it and adopt it to its full potential, the challenge and opportunity with Blockchain and the IoT is the accelerated pace at which it is being adopted on a global scale: less than two decades.
Just like electricity changed the whole infrastructure of society, the IoT and Blockchain are operating the same revolution. Why? Mostly because they are totally disrupting the concept of middlemen that powers most of the world economy business models and infrastructure. They also bring the peer-to-peer common models of society to a new level and last but not least, they will create a powerful digital identity for the seven billion humans in the world and the things around them. This is profoundly challenging and it raises a lot of new ethical questions, besides the laying down of a whole new infrastructure.
IOT Blockchain and the Electricity revolution paralels
3. How does Blockchain work in the new IoT world?
As the World Economic Forum put it recently in a research paper, Blockchain is critical for the shifting world economy. On this note, the Bank of England thinks that Blockchain-related digital currencies, by introducing a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), could increase the GDP by 3%. In a Working Paper whose objective was to explore what would happen if the Bank of England introduced a digital currency, a theoretical model was used to illustrate what would happen specifically if 30% of the UK’s GDP existed as a digital currency. These were some of the remarks:
“Our simulations suggest that this policy has a number of beneficial effects,” says the report, citing two major reasons:
1. An increase in GDP of almost 3%, as a result of the reduced interest rates, reduced tax rates and lower transaction costs that implementing a digital currency would bring. For example, a digital currency does not need intermediaries to settle the transaction, rather, money passes directly from one party to another.
2. The digital currency could also contribute to the stabilization of the economy because it would give central banks another means by which to control their currency. This would be particularly effective in times of economic shock, such as Brexit.
Other benefits of a digital currency include transparency.
Dinesh Venugopal, a tech personality and head of strategic and digital customers of Mphasis, explains how the IoT works most effectively when associated with Blockchain. The company, where he is in charge of strategy, specializes in IT services, and has been exploring Blockchain use and applications in the IoT. Venugopal illustrates how a Blockchain-enabled transaction works across IoT networks:
“An IoT enabled blockchain is where an overlay of services is designed in a particular kind of framework that will enable free communication between devices in a network,” he said. “Each device generates its unique public key to send and receive information with another device and any participating device can seamlessly retrieve information associated with a given key. For instance, multiple industrial IoT blockchain initiatives are being undertaken to automate irrigation by controlling water supply based on feeds from another blockchain that keeps track of crop condition.” source Blockchain and the IoT: So Many Uses, So Little Trust
There are numerous advantages to employing Blockchain for the management of IoT networks or transactions, Venugopal says. These include the following:
- Real-time tracking of equipment condition: “Blockchain technology can be used in tracking billions of connected devices to record feeds on working condition,” Venugopal points out.
- Immediate failure rectification: “Regular feeds from devices posted on blockchain can immediately identify failure instances and immediate corrective action can be taken,” he illustrates. “For instance, temperature fluctuation in a cold fleet carrying food items identified by sensors gets posted on a fleet provider blockchain and a trigger is sent to the driver of the fleet, food supply company, and fleet provider company notifying about the temperature fluctuation. The driver can then immediately take action to fix the issue.”
- Trend analysis: A trend study “can be carried out on devices for diagnostic study and preventive maintenance,” says Venugopal.
- Accelerated turnaround times: “Real-time feeds on blockchain and triggering feeds to relevant nodes automatically can accelerate consequent actions,” he points out. “For instance, whenever an insurance provider issues a home insurance policy, a mortgage company gets a feed that the insurance policy has been issued for a particular borrower and can be viewed using a passkey on the insurer’s blockchain. The mortgage company can then view the policy in real time and immediately disburse the loan. The process that would have taken a week’s time is completed in less than a day.”
Other advantages include the following:
In one of the solutions that the Blockchain company Mphasis developed, the “IoT Blockchain keeps track of the working condition of all home devices using sensor technology and triggers feeds to relevant stakeholders like the homeowner, service center, mortgage provider, and insurer in the event of device break down.”
This means that each stakeholder will in turn take relevant action and update relevant parties. For example, the borrower will follow up with the service agency for repairs; the repair center will send a technician to fix the issue and then update its own Blockchain with events, such as whether the device was fixed and the bill amount. Finally, the mortgage provider will review the value of the device in question based on feeds from other stakeholders and update its own Blockchain.
This requires significant scalability. Part of the challenge of any technology is the growth of a reliable and usable ecosystem. This also happened with the electricity revolution. It took various stages of development until it transformed all aspects of human life, organisations, cities, and countries.
evolution of digital powered technologies and software 2000 to 2010 with the emergence of the web
4. Seven challenges one needs to consider when looking at Blockchain and the IoT.
As I mentioned previously, just like the rapid expansion and adoption of the electrical technology transformed industry and society, the IoT and Blockchain are revolutionising the world. The extraordinary versatility of electricity meant it could be put to use to an almost limitless set of applications including transport, heating, lighting, communications, and computation, and that is exactly what is happening with both Blockchain and the Internet of Everything associated to it.
The implications for these new innovative technologies are much bigger as they comprehend a nature of decentralised systems and processes that disrupt our way of managing a middleman centric economy and tech infrastructure. Plus, Blockchain and the IoT bring another very advanced level of penetration in the way we interact with advanced privacy, cyber security and going forward, even our health and our very human DNA (connected with sensors, machine devices and data processing).
To begin with, I would like to highlight seven challenges one needs to consider when looking at Blockchain and the IoT:
1. Redefinition of infrastructure, legacy systems, and the connection between IoT with Blockchain.
2. IoT – mobile ledgers – Blockchain economic identity and systems.
3. The emergence of centralised and decentralised sensitive products and services.
2. System Legacies in parallel with advanced tech new solutions implying new development and requirements.
3. Distribution Strategy in a new digitalised world: who owns what?
4. Super-computer cloud base IoT, Blockchain solutions / infrastructure.
5. The emergence of AI IOE in relation with Blockchain all connected.
6. User Experience, UI, UE, Big data and the IOE Blockchain touching.
7. The IoT and Blockchain new economy and society need to manage the challenges related to cyber security, IP, value reinvention and all the things related to digital identity.
7 Challenges for IoT / Blockchain Industry? infographic by Dinis Guarda / Intelligenthq.com
5. Only 30% of organisations feel ready to handle the security risks linked to the IoT. What does this mean for the world economy?
According to the results of a recent Tripwire survey with more than 220 information security professionals, just 30 percent of the respondents said their organisations are prepared for the security risks associated with Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and just 34 percent believe their organisations accurately track the number of IoT devices on their networks.
Still, 47 percent of respondents expect the number of IoT devices on their networks to increase by at least 30 percent in 2017.
“The Internet of Things presents a clear weak spot for an increasing number of information security organisations,” Tripwire director of IT security and risk strategy Tim Erlin said in a statement. “As an industry, we need to address the security basics with the growing number of IoT devices in corporate networks.”
“By ensuring these devices are securely configured, patched for vulnerabilities and being monitored consistently, we will go a long way in limiting the risks introduced,” Erlin added.
While only 11 percent of the respondents consider DDoS attacks to be one of the two security threats their organisations face, 47 percent are concerned about the weaponisation of IoT devices for DDoS attacks.
“It seems that security professionals see IoT devices as a sort of ‘zombie appliance army’ that’s worthy of great concern,” Tripwire CTO and vice president of research and development Dwayne Melancon said in a statement. “That makes sense, since many of the current crop of IoT devices were created at a low cost as a priority over security, making them easy targets. The large number of easily compromised devices will require a new approach if we are to secure our critical networks.”
A separate CompTIA survey of 350 channel IT professionals and 512 business and IT executives found that 49 percent of channel firms believe that security will be a major focus as companies move forward with IT adoption.
Sixty-five percent of respondents view hackers as a leading threat to IT security and privacy, followed by vulnerabilities left open by device manufacturers (52 percent) and unencrypted data traveling across networks (51 percent).
While 37 percent of companies said the benefits of connected devices outweigh security concerns, 14 percent said security and privacy are serious hurdles, and 49 percent said security and privacy are primary factors to consider during adoption.
Segmented by job function, 49 percent of executives said the benefits of connected devices outweigh security concerns, compared to 34 percent of respondents in an IT function and just 26 percent of respondents in a line of the business function.
A recent eSecurity Planet article offered advice on improving IoT security.
The internet of things, still in its inception phase, presents a clear weak spot for an increasing number of information security organisations and personal identity issues. As an industry, we need to address security basics as the number of IoT devices in corporate networks is growing, as well as ethics around data usage, especially when it comes to healthcare with AI driven by IoT devices. Also, a lot needs to be done on the legal and compliance side. Blockchain smart contracts can help but a solid global ecosystem infrastructure needs to be created.
It wasn’t so long ago that home computer “zombie armies” were the weapon of choice for cyber attacks and the denial of service attacks. It seems that security professionals see IoT devices as a sort of disturbing “zombie army.” That makes sense, since many of the current IoT devices were created at a low cost at the expense of security, making them easy targets. The large number of easily compromised devices will require a new approach if we are to secure our critical networks. Organisations must respond with low-cost, automated and highly resilient methods to successfully manage the security risk of these devices at scale.
Blockchain in IoT and Other Considerations by Dinis Guarda from Dinis Guarda
6. Blockchain IoT: AirBnB for machinery driven by AI and decentralised without VC funding and control?
There are many idle assets sitting around in warehouses waiting for the occasional use, and the good news is that the world is more aware than ever of the importance of sustainability. The question is: can a Blockchain IoT be like AirBnB for machinery driven by AI and decentralised without VC funding and control. There are already a lot of startups trying to replicate these models without using centralised systems.
Governments and organisations are finally receptive to the potential offered by Blockchain, IoT, and idle assets, particularly in terms of economics and as a way to foster sustainability. The challenges are thus to understand this complex fast moving technology and its systems, while moving the common daily operations and being able to leverage old infrastructure and manage all the issues and challenges that come with it.
Blockchain-powered industrial IoT systems and networks will allow us to connect industrial assets — everything from shipping containers to MRI machines to construction equipment — into real-time digital marketplaces, healthcare services, energy grids in one hand. Blockchain-driven technology and platforms will, on the other hand, provide interaction engines and the legal smart contract ledger for these marketplaces, supporting financing, rental, and insurance services, amongst others.
The maintenance or upgrade requirements associated with billions of devices – or the products they constitute – may be monitored over Blockchain networks. In the process, questions about who owns a device, who owns the data, and who is responsible for upkeep may be resolved and embedded in the network – with no need for wrangling with separate contracts. With so many devices involved, the shift in speed to market will be noticeable and will thus create a new economic model and many new challenges worldwide.
how to distills the technological complexities of the IoT & Blockchain into a single complementary ecosystem, by Dinis Guarda / Intelligenthq.com
7. Challenges: Security and Scalability
As the IoT-driven AI economy grows, one of the big risks we are facing is security and scalability. Through the devices and all the sensors we use, we are showing our fragility and nature. This comes with a price and Blockchain will augment that but may also in part address the issue if it is decentralised and abides by good common ethical principles. Venugopal cautions there are security issues that need to be addressed when it comes to IoT. These may include managing unknown or untrusted parties, since Blockchain IoT “would largely be dominated by a P2P network of communicating devices that function independently without dependence on a centralised trust center, and where the parties are unknown or untrusted and may sometimes be of malicious nature.”
Another issue that needs to be addressed head-on is the complex security mechanisms required for Blockchain IoT. “Multiple security layers have to be developed for multiple devices that need to be integrated in a Blockchain-based IoT network. A single loophole can compromise the security of the whole network.”
Scalability is another challenge on the horizon. “According to an estimate, 50 billion devices are yet to come online,” Venugopal says. “Scaling up networks to support billions of devices and keeping the network up and running as data keeps multiplying every day – that’s a challenge.”
Since Blockchain is a 360-degree shift from decentralised systems to a permission-based public network, “the whole ecosystem may take considerable time to understand the technology and place trust in it,” Venugopal says.
8. Other Challenges for Blockchain
As Blockchain grows and the general business and financial world migrate, the critical question and concern are how to manage the risks and challenges that go with it. Regulatory measures on how to implement these disruptive technologies are some of the core issues.
A good example of a country exploring the potential of Blockchain is Estonia. It is experimenting with this technology to improve authentication processes and streamline proxy voting. The experiment builds on Estonia’s e-residency program — a transnational digital identity available to everyone globally.
In the medium term, probably within five to ten years, both the general use of Blockchain and IoT technologies and solutions, will standardise reference data — used to describe counterparty and security identifiers. Reference data is an extremely expensive process for major global organisations and corporations. However, this data is so sensitive and crucial to financial markets that the industry will need to trial and see solid successful case studies before embracing Blockchain as the central repository for something so vital.
9. The sharing economy of Blockchain: can decentralised organisations and not-for-profits be the main drivers of this new wave?
What has the sharing economy to do with Blockchain?
One of the most important properties of Blockchain technology – the elimination of the need for central authority and middlemen – could become a backbone for the real sharing economy, or sharing economy 2.0. In the current model, every “sharing economy” service has a central authority, whereas similar services built and operating on Blockchain technology would directly connect supply and demand in the most efficient manner.
According to IBM, “Eliminating the need for an intermediary could impact some of the biggest technology companies. Rather than using Uber, Airbnb or eBay to connect with other people, Blockchain services allow individuals to connect, share, and transact directly, ushering in the real sharing economy. Blockchain is the platform that enables real peer-to-peer transactions and a true ‘sharing economy’.”
“But more importantly, Blockchain will create new markets. These markets will be ones in which individuals can trade non-traditional assets like reputation, data, and attention. Blockchain makes any activity, however small, easy to monetize. <…> Each time the data is used, the user receives a token in a licensing-type model.”
The Circular economy or Sharing economy 2.0 is more than a utopian concept. It is about telling a story between technology and society, interactions based on trust, and business models or sustainable community principles that are rewarding and create value. In the increasingly growing and competitive ride-sharing industry, for example, Uber and Lyft are two innovative and aggressive dominant players leading the centralised sharing economy pack. Both are brands that consumers and drivers trust to match supply and demand, but unfortunately, the values and principles behind these companies do not have much to do with sharing. It is more about making money by extracting the last drops of profit from the surplus value of work done by networks of peers. Soon enough, Blockchain could, with the right scale, fundamentally transform this model, with the next generation of companies taking over the niche.
But think about it: if you could authenticate a driver or rider without Uber, which is what very early-stage new companies operating in this field such as Arcade City and La ‘Zooz (both using Blockchain tech) are hoping to offer, wouldn’t Uber then become unnecessary? Evidently, drivers could make even more money with this new type of platforms, and make these Silicon Valley VC run models obsolete. Of course, nothing can be done without the right amount of funding, scalability and brains.
Explaining the sharing economy model and rider-sharing problem, Arcade City’s Founder Christopher David bluntly elaborated on the issue in an extensive interview with Bitcoin.com:
“A bunch of eggheads in San Francisco are right now centrally controlling rates for hundreds of thousands of drivers around the world. Yes, we think we can improve on that system. Drivers and riders can agree to whatever method of payment they like. We won’t know about it, won’t get a cut of it, won’t care.”
The challenge is now whether nonprofit and decentralised organisations are creative enough and attentive to the world’s technological innovation to take over in this field and be ahead of corporations in a world so increasingly unequal?
Can UN organisations, Greenpeace, P2P Foundation follow up on this and create a new cooperative and humane sort of sharing economy that rewards the peer-to-peer communities in a sustained environmental and equalitarian way?
On this subject, Kostas Peric, a leading thought leader, now driving the Gates Foundation’s financial inclusion efforts, highlights the importance of a tech and financial human inclusion to solve part of the world issues. He wrote: “Building a digital economy that benefits everyone takes more than just getting the right technology and infrastructure in place. Economies are about people, first and foremost—and of people” in an interview with intelligentqh.com, he also highlighted:
Innovations in the financial industry ultimately have to serve the people using it. We can no longer simply leave a third of humanity unserved and unconnected. So, we need to not only think about how FinTech benefits the people in developed countries who already have accounts and smartphones, we also have to think about the 2 billion people who lack access to the global financial system, and how we can help improve their lives.
As citizens have increasingly become more frustrated with their governs, big corporations and big organisations, there is an opportunity now, with the help of technologies, to make new projects happen. The global leading ONGs and powerful citizen organisations can substantially change the sensitive and fragile global world we live in, if they lead this tech and ideological revolution between centralised and decentralised infrastructure technologies and models.
The answer is new tech-savvy, data-driven, humane, sustainable and innovative solutions, driven by a fairer sharing economy, which will usher the world economy and society into this new “electricity” IoT Blockchain era, while creating a more sustainable and equal society.
Related articles and research:
Blockchain The Evolution of the Internet, IoT and Circular Economy part 1
//www.intelligenthq.com/innovation-management/blockchain-sharing-economy-future-of-finance-iot-and-internet-evolution/
Blockchain The Evolution of the Internet, IoT and Circular Economy part 2
//www.intelligenthq.com/innovation-management/blockchain-sharing-economy-future-of-finance-iot-and-internet-evolution-part-2/
Blockchain The Evolution of the Internet, IoT and Circular Economy Part 3
//www.intelligenthq.com/latest-news/blockchain-the-evolution-of-the-internet-iot-and-circular-economy-part-3/
Blockchain The Evolution of the Internet, IoT and Circular Economy Part 4
//www.intelligenthq.com/innovation-management/blockchain-the-evolution-of-the-internet-iot-and-circular-economy-part-4/
Disruption, Blockchain, Fintech And The Trust Protocol Part 1
//www.intelligenthq.com/innovation-management/disruption-blockchain-fintech-and-the-trust-protocol-part-1/
Disruption, Blockchain, Fintech And The Trust Protocol Part 2
//www.intelligenthq.com/innovation-management/disruption-blockchain-fintech-and-the-trust-protocol-part-2/
Blockchain Shift Inception of a Database of Everything
//www.intelligenthq.com/innovation-management/blockchain-the-inception-of-a-new-database-of-everything/
Over 50 Bitcoin and Blockchain Thoughts and Quotes You Need to Read
http://www.tradersdna.com/bitcoin-and-blockchain/over-50-bitcoin-and-blockchain-thoughts-and-quotes-you-need-to-read/
12 Bitcoin and Blockchain Thoughts and Quotes You Need to Read
//www.intelligenthq.com/finance/12-bitcoin-and-blockchain-thoughts-and-quotes-you-need-to-read/
Top Blockchain Possible Applications
//www.intelligenthq.com/innovation-management/some-of-blockchains-possible-applications/
Blockchain the Inception of a new Database of Everything?
//www.intelligenthq.com/fintech/blockchain-shift-inception-of-a-database-of-everything/
How Blockchain Will Impact Capital Markets
http://www.tradersdna.com/bitcoin-and-blockchain/blockchain-will-impact-capital-markets/
How Robo Advisers, Fintech, Blockchain Are Revolutionising Wealth Management
http://www.hedgethink.com/wealth/how-robo-advisers-fintech-are-revolutionising-wealth-management/ via @hedgethink
10 Facts about The Future of Bitcoin and Blockchain
10 Facts about The Future of Bitcoin and Blockchain
Blockchain: 5 Key Concepts
//www.intelligenthq.com/innovation-management/blockchain-5-key-concepts/
Guide to Economics in a Time of AI Economy
http://www.tradersdna.com/latest-news/guide-to-economics-in-a-time-of-ai-economy-part-1/ via @tradersdna
Blockchain: A Glossary With Key Terms
//www.intelligenthq.com/finance/blockchain-a-glossary-with-key-terms/
Blockchain Huge Potential for The Insurance Industry
http://www.hedgethink.com/blockchain/blockchain-huge-potential-for-the-insurance-industry/ via @hedgethink
Source: https://goo.gl/iFD8JP
The views and opinions expressed in this blog post are solely those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of ARCADIA Project.